![]() Since GAPDH is expressed at high levels in most tissues, it is useful as protein loading control in Western Blot analysis.įor Research Use Only. Associations between GAPDH, actin and tubulin have also be reported. GAPDH is reported to bind to a variety of other proteins, including the amyloid precursor protein, mutations in which cause some forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the polyglutamine tracts of Huntingtin, the protein product aberrant forms of which are causative of Huntington's disease. Further, GAPDH is involved in other cellular processes ranging from membrane fusion, and neuronal apoptosis in cancer. Studies provide evidence of GAPDH playing an essential part in gene expression observed in apoptosis and as part of the cellular phenotype of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. GAPDH is reported to be involved in the processes of DNA replication, DNA repair, nuclear RNA export, membrane fusion and microtubule bundling. Apart from playing a key role in glycolysis, GAPDH is ubiquitously expressed and displays other activities unrelated to its glycolytic function. GAPDH exists as a tetramer of identical 37-kDa subunits and catalyzes the reversible reduction of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphophate in the presence of NADPH. GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is a catalytic enzyme commonly known to be involved in glycolysis. For long term storage, store at -20☌, avoiding freeze/thaw cycles. ![]() ** P < 0.001 and *** P < 0.0001.Īvian, Bovine, Dog, Chicken, Fruit fly, Horse, Cat, Hamster, Human, Marsupial, Mouse, Non-human primate, Sheep, Pig, Rabbit, Rat, Zebrafish ( F ) NAD + levels in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells exposed to l -arginine alone or in combination with the PARP inhibitor olaparib. ( E ) Total mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylated proteins in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells exposed to l -arginine alone or in combination with the NOS2 inhibitor 1400W. ![]() ( D ) DNA damage levels assessed by comet assay in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-BrM2 cells exposed to vehicle or l -arginine for 60 min with and without Fpg. ( C ) SNO-GAPDH (and total GAPDH) in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells exposed for 60 min to l -arginine alone or in combination with the NOS2 inhibitor 1400W. ( B ) Total protein nitrosylation in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to l -arginine for 60 min. ( A ) Peroxynitrate levels in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-BrM2 cells treated with vehicle, l -arginine, the SOD mimetic tempol (SOD1 mim ), or the combination of l -arginine and SOD1 mim for 15 and 55 min. ![]() l -Arginine generates peroxynitrate, GAPDH nitrosylation, and protein ADP-ribosylation. ![]()
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